Art 107
Short Answer Questions: Exam #3
25 of these questions will appear on the exam. (NOTE: MANY OF THESE
QUESTIONS CAN BE FOUND IN THE TEXT BUT SOME COME FROM LECTURE)
1. What were KleinÕs intentions with his monochromatic paintings?
2. How did Klein incorporate performance into his paintings?
3. What was the title of the series of performance paintings?
4. Why was KleinÕs Ritual for the relinquishing of immaterial zones of pictorial sensibility a controversial performance?
5. Describe some of the characteristics of Nouveau Realisme.
Arman
6. What environmental issues are addressed in ArmanÕs Poubelles (Garbage Cans)?
7. How does the interpretation of ArmanÕs work change when garbage is portrayed in conjunction with the female form?
8. What are Òmeta-maticsÓ?
9. What was the point of the Homage to New York?
10. How did chance play a role in the success of the Homage sculpture?
Saburo Murakami
11. What is Gutai and what was their goal?
12. What Japanese traditions were incorporated into Murakami Paper Teaing performance and to what effect?
13. What is Fluxus?
14. What traumas remained at the core of Beuys works?
15. Why were animals important in his works?
16. What did he want to bring to the surface?
17. What materials did BeuysÕ feel would bring about healing?
18. What role does transformation play in his works?
19. What was BeuysÕ stating about art critiques in his performance How to Explain Pictuers to a Dead Hare?
Nam Jun Paik
20. What artistic medium did Nam June Paik develop early in his career?
21. Why did Paik use televisions in his work?
22. How is desire transformed in his TV bra sculpture?
23. What is the purpose of the Stuart Collection and who were some of the artists represented? http://stuartcollection.ucsd.edu/StuartCollection/index.htm
Yoko Ono
24. What did Yoko Ono mean when she stated her work was ÒFabricating consciousnessÓ rather than making art?
25. Describe the poetic and Zen elements in Yoko OnoÕs work as seen in her ÒCut PieceÓ. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lYJ3dPwa2tI (link to excerpt from performance)
26. Discuss the dichotomous as well as unifying elements in Yoko OnoÕs ÒCut PieceÓ that support a feminist reading of her performance.
27. Describe the political issues Kienholz addresses in his artwork.
28. Analyze the effects of the ready-made objects used in KienholzÕ The Wait.
29. Describe the scale of KienholzÕ sculpture and why size is effective in communicating his message.
30. Why was Arneson called a ÒFunk ArtistÓ?
31. What material did use?
32. How are his clay works ironic (specifically No Deposit No Return)?
33. How did he describe his sculptures?
34. Why did he use his own face?
35. Why did he incorporate graffiti like marks on his sculpture?
36. You should be able to notice what is Pollock-like about his work (not a question).
37. Briefly describe some of the basic elements of minimalism.
38. How did the Minimalists treat works of art?
39. Why did the Minimalists need texts to accompany their works?
40. Why did Greenberg dislike Minimalism?
41. How did Stella resolve the conflict in Johns works?
42. How does Stella re-define the frame?
43. How were his works political?
44. How were JuddÕs works Utopian in the Minimalist sense (even though he said they were not)?
45. What were his interests?
46. What was eliminated in his sculpture?
47. How did the setting play a role in SmithÕs sculpture?
48. How did he view his sculpture spatially?
49. What did Smith eliminate from the process?
50. How did Flavin redefine sculpture?
51. How did this view of sculpture incorporate the museum/gallery?
52. What did the light imply?
53. How should you interact with a Morris sculpture?
54. Why did he choose the L shape?
55. Why did he use felt?
56. How did LeWitt view art?
57. How did he interpret language into his sculpture?
58. What is a signifier and signified?
59. Why did Kelly focus on pure color?
60. What techniques did he use to incorporate the museum/gallery space?
Yayoi Kusama
61. Discuss the relationship between materials and gender issues in Yayoi KusamaÕs Accumulation.
62. What historical performances did Yayoi organize and how do they enhance the ideas rooted in Accumulation sculptures?
63. Discuss the different interpretations of the Polka Dots in KusamaÕs art work.
Lynda Benglis
64. Describe the connection between materials and process in BenglisÕ Excess and the resulting formal elements.
65. Why were the materials and process strongly connected to femininity but also challenged masculinity?
66. What role did Benglis play in relation to mainstream feminist art?
67. What are some of the reoccurring themes in HesseÕs works?
68. What did she switch to fiberglass and latex?
69. What does she undermine in her Rope piece?
70. How are NaumanÕs works minimalists as well as Pop?
71. How did Wittgenstein influence his works and as a result what does Nauman reveal in this sculpture?
72. What is site specific art?
73. What was the controversy behind Richard Serra's Tilted Arc?
74. What inspired Heizer to work within nature?
75. Where is his Double Negative located?
76. What does he draw attention with his in works?
77. What themes did Smithson work on in his early career and how did they change in the latter part of his career?
78. Where is the Spiral Jetty located and why was this location important?
79. Discuss the concept of Entropy in relation to Robert Smithson's Spiral Jetty?
80. How is this work as well as other environmental works documented?
81. What are nonsites?
82. What is Arte Povera?
83. How did Long and Fulton interact with nature?
84. What do the materials in the gallery space evoke?
MODERNIST ARCHITECTURE (SEE POWERPOINT)
85. Describe the formal elements of the International style.
86. What were the utopian ideas relating to International Style architecture?
87. Why does the use of the circle in Frank Lloyd WrightÕs design for the Guggenheim fit in with WrightÕs overall ideas about architecture?
88. Why does the WrightÕs Guggenheim design defy the rules of the International style but also support them?
89. What did Wright believe architecture should involve?
90. Describe the Bauhaus design for architecture.
91. What materials used in the Seagram Building make it an ideal example of the International Style?
92. What phrase did van der Rohe use to describe an "ideal" style of architecture?
93. How did van der Rohe and Johnson achieve detachment in the design of the Seagram building and to what effect?
94. Who were the New York Five and what were their ideas in relation to architecture and who were their clients?
95. Describe the De Stijl and International styles as seen in MeierÕs Douglas House.
96. WhoÕs style is evidenced in MeierÕs buildings?
97. Why was it difficult for women to enter into the architectural field?
98. Briefly define Postmodernism.
JOSEPH KOSUTH
99. According to Kosuth what represents the real?
100. What is meant by the phrase, Òwe can only see a re-presentation of an object?Ó
HANS HAACKE
101. Why was HaackeÕs Shapolsky piece an effective form of social protest?
102. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using text in a piece?
DIANE ARBUS
103. Who does Arbus use in her photographs and why?
104. What relationship did Arbus believe she had with her subjects?
SEYDOU KEITA
105. Why was it necessary for Seydou Keita to take his photographs?
106. Analyze the merging of formal elements and content in KeitaÕs photographs, how does one enhance the other in relation to social issues.
VITO ACONCI
107. Describe AcconciÕs Following Piece and what he was hoping to realize.
108. Discuss the interaction of the self and audience in AcconciÕs performances.
HANNAH WILKE
109. Why were Hannah WilkeÕs performances considered contradictory to the feminist movement?
110. Why did Wilke paste objects onto her body?
111. What role did humor play in WilkeÕs performances?
ADRIAN PIPER
112. What was the purpose of PiperÕs Catalysis IV piece?
113. What issue does Piper address in her works?
114. What role does language play in PiperÕs performances?
ANA MENDIETA
115. Ana MendietaÕs performance centered on what subjects?
116. Why was it important for Ana Mendieta to use her body in her works?
117. What is Santeria?
118. What is the connection between Santeria and MendietaÕs Silueta series?
CHRISTO AND JEANNE CLAUDE
119. Why did Christo and Jeanne Claude wrap objects?
120. What was Christo and Jeanne-Claude trying to achieve with there large scale wrapped works?
121. What obstacles did they have to overcome to complete their works?
122. How can their Running Fence be viewed as artistic?
JOHN BALDESSARI
123. Describe the effects of BaldessariÕs photomontage compositions.
124. Why do all the characters in BaldessariÕs Heel have injured feet?
125. Briefly define Pluralism (in relation to 70s art).
126.
Which social groups ÒenteredÓ the art world in
the 70Õs and what allowed for this entrance?
127.
Who were some of the leading feminist art
critics of the 70Õs and 80Õs and what was their focus when critiquing female
artists?
FAITH RINGGOLD
128. Which artist and style inspired Faith Ringgold?
129. What group did Ringgold help found and why?
130. What were RinggoldÕs views on the color black?
131. Why was the flag a reoccurring theme in Ringgold paintings?
132. How did RinggoldÕs style change in the 80s and what/who inspired this change?
133. What styles are merged together in her paintings from the 80s through today and what is the content?
BETYE SAAR
134. What practices, cultures, and styles does Betye Saar draw upon to create her assemblage works?
135. What does Saar deconstruct in her Liberation of Aunt Jemima and what is the result of this deconstruction?
136. What practices, cultures, and styles does Betye Saar draw upon to create her assemblage works?
137. What is Saar hoping to capture with her boxes?
138. Define afrofemcentrism.
ROMARE BEARDEN
139. What is the connection between BeardenÕs projections and early African American art?
140. What are the black cultural sources for BeardenÕs images?
141. What are projections? (Bearden)
142. Describe the visual effects of BeardenÕs collage process?
JOYCE KOZLOFF
143. What were the goals of the Pattern and Decoration movement artists?
144. Discuss the way Kozloff expanded upon Pattern and Decoration ideas and to what effect?
145.
What bias within the art world was made apparent
with the rise of the Pattern and Decoration movement?
CAROLE SCHNEEMANN
146. Describe the feminist ideologies represented by artists such as Schneemann, Wilke, Mendieta, and Judy Chicago.
147. What is meant by Òcentral core theoryÓ?
148. Why is Òcentral core theoryÓ sometimes referred to as essentialist?
149. Describe the radical nature of SchneemanÕs Interior Scroll.
150.
What type of meaning did Schneemann search for
in her art?
JUDY CHICAGO
151. Describe Womanhouse and the statement the artists were trying to make with the installation.
152. Why was the installation effective in terms of location, content and materials?
153. What bias within the art world was made apparent with the rise of the Pattern and Decoration movement?
154. What does Judy ChicagoÕs Dinner Party symbolize?
155. What are the positive and negative aspects of the Dinner Party?
156. What shift occurred in feminist art during the late 1970s?
DUANE HANSON
157. What subject matter did Duane Hanson focus on and why?
158. What effect did HansonÕs use of materials and location have on the viewer?
CHUCK CLOSE
159. Describe ChuckÕs CloseÕs technique when painting?
160. Who were the subjects of CloseÕs paintings?
161. What occurred to change CloseÕs approach to painting and what are the visual effects?
ALICE AYCOCK
162. How is Alice AycockÕs work similar to art of the 70s?
163. Who encouraged her to make sculpture and how is her work similar to that artist?
164. What contradiction is in her project Entitled beginnings . . . piece?
165. What inspired this work?
166. What did she focus on in the eighties?
SHERRIE LEVINE
167. Briefly discuss Roland BartheÕs ideas in relation to the death of the author.
168. What is appropriation and what effect is captured in LevineÕs photographs?
169. Discuss the issues of originality and authenticity in LevineÕs photographs.
RAYMOND PETTIBON
170. What does Pettibon examine in his images?
171. Who were PiettbonsÕ early patrons?
172. What are zines and why did Pettibon choose this media?
CINDY SHERMAN
173. What type of feminism arose in the 1980Õs and what was their main goal?
174. In general what types of ÒsubjectsÓ does she portray her photographs and why?
175. What does Cindy Sherman deconstruct with her photographs?
176. What types of subjects does she investigate with her later photographs (in comparison to her early why) and why did this change in subject matter occur?
ARCHITECTURE (SEE
POWERPOINT)
177. What are the ÒrulesÓ of Postmodern Architecture?
178. Who were the early architects who introduced postmodern ideas into architectural field and what where their ideas?
179. Why are Disneyland and Las Vegas inspirational sites for postmodern architects?
180. Describe the postmodern elements of VenturiÕs Chestnut Hill House.
181. What does Charles Moore and U.I.G. and Perez Assocaite appropriate from the past that is seen in ÒPiazza DÕItalia?
182. Why was Piazza dÕItalia built and what significant event takes place there?
183. Why did Frank Gehry change his name and on whose suggestion?
184. Describe the distinctive look of Frank GehryÕs buildings?
185. What inspired the design of GehryÕs differing styles of architecture?
186. What technology aided Gehry in developing designs for his buildings?
187. Why is GehryÕs Bilbao structure a metaphor for the Basque region?
188. How was Gehry able to maintain the modernist form follows function idea despite the organic design of the Bilbao museum?
189. Describe the unique design elements of the Eyebeam Museum.
190. Discuss the way in which the design of Diller and ScofidioÕs Eyebeam Museum and its purpose compliment one another.
191. What were some of the technological considerations Diller and Scofidio had to consider in the Eyebeam museum design?
192. What postmodern elements are incorporated into Pelli and CericoÕs Petronas Towers?
193. What are a few of Zaha HadidÕs ideas about architecture that define her style?
194. Why are her structures considered sculptural?
195. Why do critics believe Zaha Hadid was able to break down the barriers facing women entering the architectural field?