Art 110

Short Answer Questions Exam #2

Some of these questions will appear with slide identifications and others will appear in the short answer section of the exam. Answers should be brief, one word or no more than 2-3 sentences each.

 

CHAPTER 3: ANCIENT EGYPT

 

OLD KINGDOM

 

1.     What purpose did the statues placed inside the tombs or funerary temples serve?

 

2.     Describe the material used to sculpt the statues of Khafre (in text) and Menkaure and Khamerernebty (in text) and why was the use of this material important?

 

3.     Describe the Egyptian "canon" and how was it used to create the human figure?

 

4.     Khamerernebty's arm is wrapped around the waist of Menkaure, what does this signify and what important role does she play in the succession of pharaohs?

 

5.     What is a scribe, what role did scribes play in the royal court?

 

6.     Compare the image of Menkaure and Khamerernebty with the Seated Scribe. What reasons can be given as to why they look different? (Compare materials, expressions, body posture, and coloring, all the formal elements of the work).

 

7.     What term describes the time periods that separate the Old, Middle and New Kingdoms and what usually brought about a change?

 

NEW KINGDOM

 

8.     Why where the temples and tombs of the New Kingdom built in the "Valley of the Kings"?

 

9.     Who was Queen Hatshepsut and why was she a distinct person in the history of Egyptian Pharaohs?

 

10.  Why did Queen Hatshepsut have herself portrayed both as male and female?

 

11.  Describe the design of Queen Hatshepsuts tomb/temple.

 

12.  Who was Ramses II and what are the distinct characteristics of his temple faade (front) and the pillars in the interior corridor?

 

13.  What term is used to describe the type of sculpture on columns in Egypt?

 

14.  Describe the fowling scene and what purpose did images like this serve?

 

15.  Why is the subject matter in the Fowling Scene portrayed differently? (subjective answer).

 

AMARNA PERIOD (IDENTIFY WORKS OF ART AS AMARNA ON EXAM)

 

16.  Who was the leader of the Amarna period and what changes did he implement during his reign?

 

17.  Describe the changes in portraying human figures figure during the Amarna period.

 

18.  What reasons have been given as to the appearance of Akhenatons body (fir. 3-32)

 

19.  Compare the image of Akhenahton with Menkaure and Khamerernebty and note the differences, also why this changes occurred.

 

20.  What role did Nefertiti play in the Amarna period?

 

POST-AMARNA PERIOD

 

21.  Who discovered King Tutankhamen's tomb and why was this discovery such a significant find in Egypt?

 

22.  Describe the significance of the materials used to create King Tut's coffins.

 

23.  Describe the contents of King Tuts tomb and what purpose did it serve?

 

24.  Describe the iconography on King Tut's innermost coffin and his death mask and what do they symbolize.?

 

25.  Briefly explain the Egyptian burial process.

 

26.  What is a Book of the Dead and what was written inside?

 

27.  Describe the Egyptian opening of the mouth ceremony.

 

28.  Explain the events taking place in The Last Judgment of Hu Nefer.

 

29.  Identify and define the iconographic figures portrayed in the Last Judgment Hu Nefer scene and what role do they play?

 

30.  What lead to the fall of Ancient Egyptian culture?

 

CHAPTER 2: ANCIENT NEAR EAST

 

31.  What was the purpose of the Persian Royal Audience Hall (Apadana Hall)?

 

32.  Describe the types of iconography on the entryway of the Royal Audience Hall and what purpose did it serve?

 

33.  What types of columns were found in the Royal Audience Hall?

 

CHAPTER 4: ART OF THE ANCIENT AEGEAN

 

34.  Discuss the cultural content of the Girl Gathering Saffron image and why it would be important to portray this subject matter in a fresco painting.

 

35.  Compare and contrast the Paleolithic nude woman with the Cycladic Nude woman. What is unique about the Cycladic nude woman.

 

36.  Describe the formal elements of Cycladic art.

 

37.  What ancient God is associated with the Cycladic Islands?

 

38.  Describe the materials used to create Cycladic sculpture.

 

39.  Where were most Cycladic sculptures found?

 

40.  What meaning is associated with the red lines on the Head (figure 4-3) and what purpose would the object have served?

 

41.  Where does Minoan culture get its name?

 

42.  On which island did the Minoan Culture live?

 

43.  Who is responsible for the excavation of the Palace of Knosses?

 

44.  Describe the organization of the Palace of Knossos and why this type of design was significant.

 

45.  What was the dominant subject matter of Minoan Art and why?

 

46.  Briefly describe the Minoan way of life.

 

47.  Describe the shape of Minoan columns used at the Palace of Knossos.

 

48.  Describe the event portrayed on the Toreador Fresco and its spiritual significance.

 

49.  What meaning is associated with the snakes held by the "Snake Goddess" and how is this meaning represented on her statue (2 symbols)?

 

50.  Describe the process Minoans used to create pottery.

 

51.  Describe the "style" (visual appearance) in which Minoan craftsman painted jars.

 

52.  What types of images were found on Minoan pots and how

 

53.  What Epic King is believed to have inhabited Mycenae?

 

54.  Where did the Myceneans live?

 

55.  Who was responsible for excavating the Mycenean site?

 

56.  Describe the design of a Mycenaean citadel?

 

57.  Describe the types of symbols found on the Lion Gate of Mycenae and what was their possible meaning?

 

58.  Describe the elements of Cycladic, Minoan, and Mycenaean societies can be found in Greek Society? (To be answered after completion of chapter 5)

 

CHAPTER 5: ART OF ANCIENT GREECE

 

59.  What does the term Hellenes mean?

 

60.  Who wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey why is this text important to Greek history?

 

61.  How was Greek culture divided?

 

62.  What took place at the Sanctuaries and how did they differ from other religious complexes?

 

63.  Why were the Olympic games so important to the Greeks?

 

64.  What term was used to describe people who were NOT Greek?

 

65.  What are the five periods of Greek art?

 

66.  Describe the characteristics of the first period of Greek art.

 

67.  Describe the role Gods played in Greek culture and how were they represented?

 

68.  How was the Funerary vase used?

 

69.  Describe the messages displayed on various Greek pots.

 

70.  Why were females shown with their hands on top of their heads?

 

71.  Why is the Man and Centaur an example of the Geometric style?

 

72.  Describe the characteristics of the second period of Greek art.

 

73.  How is this second period represented on the Olpe (Pitcher) figure. 5-4?

 

74.  Why was the sanctuary at Delphi a significant site?

 

75.  What is an oracle?

 

76.  Describe the three architectural orders of Greek buildings.

 

77.  Describe the "rules" that determined the layout of a Greek temple? (Be able to apply these rules to the Temple of Hera)

 

78.  Describe the difference between the friezes of a Doric temple versus the frieze of an Ionic temple.

 

79.  What is the difference between the capitals of a Doric column versus the capital of an Ionic column versus the capital of a Corinthian column?

 

80.  What was usually contained in the pediment of a Greek temple?

 

81.  Describe Greek sculpture in its original form (design and materials).

 

82.  Describe the characteristics of the third period of Greek art?

 

83.  Why are Archaic statues smiling?

 

84.  Describe the function of the Kouros and what it represented?

 

85.  How does the Kroisos Kouros differ from the Metropolitan Kouros the period?

 

86.  Describe the significance of the Peplos dress in relation to Greek cultural events.

 

87.  How do the sculptures of women of Greece differ from sculptures of men and why was this distinction made?

 

88.  Name three types of Greek pottery/vessels and how they were used.

 

89.  Describe the difference in the process to create red figure versus black figure painting.

 

90.  Why are there sometimes two creators of Greek pottery?

 

91.  Describe the formal elements Exekias used to create a focal point on his Achilles pot and how does his technique enhance the content?

 

92.  Describe the firing process the Greeks used to create Red and Black figure pottery.

 

93.  What are Meanads and what was their purpose?

 

94.  Compare and contrast Exekias Achilles image with Euphronios Sarpedon image, how do they differ?

 

95.  What is meant by the famous Greek phrase Man is the measure of all things?

 

96.  Describe the Severe Style (see Kritios Boy in powerpoint)

 

97.  Describe the term Contrapposto mean and on what statue is it used to perfection?

 

98.  Why are there no lasting paintings from ancient Greece?

 

99.  Where are you most likely to see Greek paintings?

 

100.        Describe the themes appear in tomb paintings and why.

 

101.        Define the two definitions of the word Classical.

 

102.        What are the characteristics of the fourth period of Greek art?

 

103.        Describe the cire perdue/Lost Wax process?

 

104.        Why was the discovery of the Riace warriors so important?

 

105.        Describe the materials and design techniques the sculptors of the Riace warrior incorporated into its design to enhance naturalism?

 

106.        Who was able to use a psykter and what does this say about Greek society?

 

107.        Describe the formal elements Douris incorporated into the design of the psykter pot that is evidence of the classical style?

 

108.        Describe the Golden Age of Greece.

 

109.        Who was Pericles and what impact did he have on Greek society?

 

110.        Why was the Acropolis an important location in Athens?

 

111.        How did Athens get its name?

 

112.        What occurred at the Acropolis every four years?

 

113.        Who was Phidias?

 

114.        Name three buildings on the Acropolis.

 

115.        What did the Parthenon symbolize?

 

116.        Why were the sculptures in the East and West pediment as well as the friezes and metopes important to the overall design and purpose of the Parthenon? 

 

117.        What was at the end of the cella in the Parthenon and why is this location important?

 

118.        Who was allowed to enter the Parthenon?

 

119.        Describe the types of columns used in the Erechtheion (at least 2)

 

120.        Describe the meaning associated with the figural columns on the Erectheion.

 

121.        What term is used to describe the technique of portraying Greek drapery?

 

122.        Describe the Greek Canon as seen in the Spear Bearer sculpture by Polykleitos.

 

123.        Where would the statue of the Spear Bearer have been placed?

 

124.        What are the Elgin marbles and why are they so controversial?

 

125.        Describe (in detail) an Agora.

 

126.        Describe  the content of scenes typically portrayed on grave stelae.

 

127.        Describe the objects that marked the graves of Greek citizens prior to grave steles.

 

128.        How did representations of men and women differ (see grave stelae and pottery)?

 

129.        What is being commemorated on the Achilles painter Woman and Maid pot?

 

130.        How does the Woman and Maid pot differ from previous styles of pottery (not just color)?

 

131.        Name a few characteristics of Praxiteles style.

 

132.        Why was the image of Aphrodite different from other Greek sculpture?

 

133.        What is a tessara?

 

134.        Who were some of the early Greek female artists and what types of works did they produce?

 

135.        Describe the differing types images of Alexander the Great and why were they created this way. (see powerpoint)

 

136.        Using terminology describe the design techniques in Alexander the Great Confronting Darius III.

 

137.        Describe the fifth/final period of Greek Art?

 

138.        Whose death brought about the Hellenistic period?

 

139.        Describe the design of the Greek Theater.

 

140.        Why was this design important for the performance? (Use terminology)

 

141.        Who was Greek Theaters dedicated to?

 

142.        Who were the Gauls and why were they commemorated at Pergamon.

 

143.        What Ancient Near Eastern image is similar in design and content to the Dying Gallic Trumpeter?

 

144.        Who is commemorated on the Altar from Pergamon?

 

145.        What event does figure Athena Attacking Giants represent and why was it important to the history of Greece?

 

146.        Why are heads, arms, and other parts of Greek statues missing?

 

147.        Describe the event portrayed in Laocoon and his sons and how the formal elements enhance the story.

 

148.        What event is celebrated in the Nike of Samothrace and how did the sculptor take this into account in its design?

 

149.        Why is the Venus de Milo an example of the classical style rather than Hellenistic?

 

150.        Review the section on Greece and make connections to the Cycladic, Minoan and Mycenean groups then return to question 50.