Short Answer Questions Exam #2

 

25-30 of these questions will appear on exam #2 either as a slide question or stand alone questions in section II. Besides these questions also be able to discuss the formal elements of each work on the slide list.

 

CHAPTER 3: THE CENTRAL SUDAN

 

MUMUYE

 

1.       What do Mumuye figures (fig. 3-18) represent and how are theyused?

 

2.       What are Vabo? (be detailed in your answer)

 

MAMBILA

 

3.       What is Suaga and what is its purpose?

 

4.       What role did a Tadep play in Suaga?

 

HAUSA

 

5.       What is a Malam?

 

6.       How does the Hausa mosque differ from others?

 

FULANI

 

7.       What distinguishes Fulani women from women of other regions?

 

8.       Why is there an emphasis on appearance amongst the Fualni?

 

9.       What is an arkilla?

 

10.  What occurs during a worso?

 

11.  What is a gerewol?

 

12.  What attributes do men promote during a gerewol?

 

CHAPTER 4:  MANDE WORLDS AND THE UPPER NIGER

 

Jenne

 

13.  Describe the Jenne Style.

 

14.  Who is ÒtypicallyÓ represented in Jenne sculpture and where could the objects have been placed?

 

15.  How were the Jenne objects used?

 

16.  What type of symbolism shows up on Jenne sculpture and what meanings have been introduced?

 

17.  What is cicatrisation and why is it important?

 

18.  Who was the Jenne sculpture in a state of prayer praying for?

 

BAMANA

 

19.  Who were the Numuw and why are they so important? (answered throughout chapter)

 

20.  What is nyama?

 

21.  What are Gwan and Jo and what are their responsibilities?

 

22.  What works of art demonstrate the status of the members of Gwan and Jo?

 

23.  What links are associated with gwandusu?

 

24.  How was the gwandusu used?

 

25.  What is a gwantigi?

 

26.  What do both the gwandusu and gwantigi symbolize for the Gwan group?

 

27.  What occurs during the Jo initiation process for age-grade boys?

 

28.  What is a Jonyeleni and what are its ideal features?

 

29.  What is Ntomo?

 

30.  What is Ci Wara (both its appearance and purpose)?

 

31.  Who performs the Ci Wara masquerade?

 

32.  Why was the antelope used for the Ci Wara mask?

 

33.  Describe the design of a Ci Wara mask.

 

34.  What is di?

 

35.  What is a bogolan and what purpose does it serve?

 

36.  What is a Boli and how is it activated?

 

37.  What is Komo ,who are their leaders and why are women excluded?

 

38.  What substances are used to construct a Komo Kum, by whom and for what purpose?

 

39.  What was the purpose of Kore?

 

40.  What is Kamelton Ton?

 

41.  What types of art works are produced by women?

 

CHAPTER 5: THE WESTERN SUDAN

 

42.  What groups make up the western Sudan?

 

DOGON

 

43.  What is distinct about the region where the Dogon lived, why did they choose this site and why did many leave?

 

44.  Why were most Dogon sculpture created and why were they used?

 

45.  Who did most Dogon sculpture represent?

 

46.  What are nommo?

 

47.  What have tests revealed about the formal elements of Dogon sculpture?

 

48.  Describe the Dogon foundation myth.

 

49.  Why was the hermaphroditic sculpture constructed from both sexes and why are its arms raised?

 

50.  Describe the symbolism on and meaning of the Dogon ancestral couple figure.

 

51.  What is patina in relation to Dogon sculpture?

 

52.  What is a hogon and what animal symbolizes their power and wealth?

 

53.  What is the popular type of structure amongst the Dogon?

 

54.  What types of architectural designs relate to gender?

 

55.  What are binu and what is their responsibility?

 

56.  What is a Togu na and what occurs there?

 

57.  What is typicaaly represented on Togu na  posts and why?

 

58.  How does the Togu naÕs design relate to its purpose?

 

59.  What are Awa members responsible for?

 

60.  What is Sigi so?

 

61.  What is significant about the Great Mask?

 

62.  Describe the differences between the bede and the sirige masks.

 

63.  What does the sirigie mask represent?

 

64.  Describe the design of the sirigie mask and masquerade.

 

65.  What is dama? (Detailed answer)

 

66.  Describe the formal elements and meaning of kanaga mask and masquerade.

 

67.  What dichotomies (opposites) are embodied in Dogon masks and masquerades?

 

68.  What is the responsibility of the non-dancing masks?

 

69.  What is Satimbe and why is this mask significant?

 

SENUFO

 

70.  How is Senifo society structured?

 

71.  What is Poro?

 

72.  What is sinzanga?

 

73.  What role does the ancient mother play in relation to Poro?

 

74.  Describe the formal elements of the Ancient Mother that symbolize her role and importance.

 

75.  Describe the 3 stages of the Poro initiation process.

 

76.  What is Sandogo & Sando?

 

77.  What is the role of women in the Sandogo?

 

78.  Where does all power and authority rest?

 

79.  What is Fo and where do they appear?

 

80.  Describe a senufo shrine.

 

81.  What is the Senufo belief in relation to twins?

 

82.  Describe the Senufo funerary masquerade danced using the brass mask.

 

83.  What is Nayiligi?

 

84.  Describe the Beautiful Lady mask and masquerade.

 

85.  Why were certain animals used on the kponungo (kponiugo) mask?

 

86.  When does the kponiugo mask appear?

 

87.  What was the significance of the Queen Mother in a Senufo Village?

 

88.  What is the purpose of a kodoli-yehe (kpeli) mask?

 

89.  Describe the differences between the Brass Mask and kponungo mask.

 

90.  What role do Yalimidyo (yarajo) masqueraders play in ceremonies?

 

91.  Why is balance important to Senufo (and other African) culture?

 

92.  What is the greatest responsibility of the Sandogo members?

 

LOBI

 

93.  What are Thila and how do they relate to Bateba?

 

94.  Describe some of the symbolic gestures of Batebai sculpture.

 

BWA

 

95.  What is Do, when and how does Do appear and for what purpose?

 

MOSSI

 

96.  Who are the nakumse and what do the female figures they own symbolize?

 

97.  Describe the symbolism of the Mossi mask (fig. 41).

 

PART III: WESTERN AFRICA

CHAPTER 6: West Atlantic Forests

 

98.  Why is it more difficult to study works from Western Africa?

 

99.  In terms of female participation, how does this region differ from others?

 

SAPI

 

100.           What types of works did Sapi sculptors produce for Portuguese sailors?

 

101.           Describe the Sapi-Portuguese style as seen in the Oliphant.

 

BAGA/NALU

 

102.           How is a A-Tshol sculpture activated and what is itÕs purpose?

 

103.           What is unique about the Banda masquerade?

 

MENDE

 

104.           Describe the Sande/Bondo initiation process.

 

105.           What is the purpose of the Sande society?

 

106.           What is a Sowei (soweisia)?

 

107.           Who wears the sowei mask?

 

108.           What is a ndoli jowei and what is their responsibility?

 

109.           How does the family compensate the Sande?

 

110.           Why are girls covered in white during the process of initiation?

 

111.           What other types of womenÕs masquerades appear?

 

112.           Describe the formal elements and symbolism of a Sande mask.

 

113.           What is ti sande gbua?

 

114.           How should masks (from any of these groups) be viewed?

 

GURO

 

115.           Compare and contrast the formal elements and the performances of the three Guro masks in figures 6-32-6-34. What do they represent and what purpose do they serve?

 

DABUZRA

 

116.           What are Je (Dye) and what type of masquerades are performed?

 

117.           What is the connection between Je masquerades and women?

 

CHAPTER 7: AKAN WORLDS

 

118.           What are some of the Akan proverbs seen in visual form (see link on course website as well).

 

119.           What is meant by Òintentional design redundancyÓ and why is it important?

 

ASANTE

 

120.           What is an Asantehene?

 

121.           What is the Ashanti Golden Stool?

 

122.           What does the wooden stool represent?

 

123.           Who is allowed to sit on the Golden Stool?

 

124.           What other types of stools are constructed and for whom?

 

125.           What are hwedom and asipim?

 

126.           What other symbolic objects are found amongst Akan groups?

 

127.           What types of forms are portrayed on the tops of okyeame poma (linguist staffs) and what do they mean?

 

128.           What types of symbols are portrayed on Ashanti gold weights?

 

129.           Why is gold a popular medium in Ashanti art?

 

130.           Compare and contrast the formal elements of Kente, Adinkra and Akunitan cloths.

 

131.           What is strip weaving?

 

132.           What is asasia?

 

133.           Where does the name Kente come from?

 

134.           Who wears the cloth?

 

135.           What is represented on a Kente cloth?

 

136.           Why is an adinkra cloth used?

 

137.           What is the purpose of the Akua Ma/Akuaba figures?

 

138.           How do women use the Akua Ma/Akuaba?

 

139.           What is the gender of the doll?

 

140.           What are its visual distinctions?

 

141.           Describe the layout of an Asante shrine.

 

BAULE (Akan people)

 

142.           Who do Blobo Bian/Bla statues represent?

 

143.           What is Aise usu?

 

144.           What separates the Blobo figures from the Aise usu?

 

145.           Why is it important to appease these statues?

 

146.           How are they appeased?

 

147.           Describe Osei BonsuÕs style (see fig. 7-25).

 

148.           What is an Odwira festival (fig. 7-27)?

 

149.           What are the various stages of the festival that culminate in the Akuropon festival?

 

150.           Briefly describe Akwambo?

 

151.           How has the purpose of Akwambo changed over time?