44. Know the function(s) of each leaf cell layer.
- cuticle - a waxy layer to prevent dehydration
- upper epidermis - physical protection, thick layer of cellulose small amount of protoplasm.
- palisade layer - Mainly in the process of Light reaction, although also occurs in the spongy layer.
- spongy layer - Dark reaction- the fixation of carbon dioxide into a sugar.
- air chamber - allows gases and water intimate contact with the spongy layer.
- lower epidermis - physical protection
- stoma - allows the entry and exit of gases and water
- guard cell - controls the stoma
- bottom cuticle, a thinner layer of wax to protect the bottom part of the leaf.