Biological Chemistry and Cell Review
- Give an example of a synthesis.
- Give an example of a decomposition.
- Give an example of an exchange.
- Give an example of a rearrangement.
- What is the realm of science and where does it not belong?
- What are the steps of the scientific method?
- What is the smallest particle in an atom?
- Define an ionic compound.
- Define a hydrogen bond.
- What is the difference between diffusion, facilitated diffusion and active transport?
- What does active transport require that osmosis does not?
- What is the major objective of science?
- What is a buffer?
- In the structure of a stick model of a molecule, what does the "line" represent?
- What do organic compounds have in common?
- What is an experimental control?
- Be able to recognize the graphical representations of the major organic compounds.
- What is a nucleotide composed of?
- In the formula where a "P" has a circle around it, what does it indicate?
- Name the four nitrogen bases associated with RNA.
- Name the four nitrogen bases associated with DNA.
- What are the base pairings between adenine, guanine, thymine and cytosine?
- Where in the cell would find DNA and RNA?
- Name the sugars associated with RNA and DNA.
- What kind of chemical bond maintains rung structures in DNA?
- What kind of chemical bond maintains primary structure of proteins?
- What kind of chemical bond maintain the secondary and tertiary structures of proteins?
- Name an example of a monosaccharide, a disaccharide and a polysaccharide.
- Recognize ATP and the role it plays in the cell.
- When monomers combine, what kind of reaction is involved?
- When polymers are broken down, what kind of reaction is involved?
- The "R" group indicated in amino acids and fatty acids indicates what?
- How many naturally occurring amino acids are there?
- Name the two components of a lipid?
- A unit of pH change actually indicates a change of what in Hydrogen ion concentration?
- How does a Phospholipid differ from a normal lipid?
- What makes one fat saturated and another unsaturated?
- What determines the state of a lipid (an oil, wax, lard or fat)?
- What is the role a catalyst in a chemical reaction?
- What are the formulae for a carboxyl, amine group and hydroxyl group?
- What in an atom determines the kind of element?
- How would you determine the electron number if your were given mass and neutron number?
- What determines the chemical reactivity of an element?
- How would you determine the electron distribution in a atom?
- How is the atomic number of an element determined?
- What is the special bond called which connects amino acids together?
- Recognize the chemical symbols for carbon, iron, calcium, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, potassium and sodium.
- The transport of water across a cell membrane is called what?
- What is a microfibril?
- What is the middle lamella?
- What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?
- What organic compounds are represented by enzymes?
- What are the granulations in a granulated endoplasmic reticulum?
- Why is a carbon important in the formation of organic compounds?
- What is the function of the mitochondria?
- What is the function of the microtubules within a cell?
- What is the cell theory?
- What is the function of the flagellum?
- What is the function of plastids?
- What is(are) the function(s) of the Golgi bodies?
- What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
- What is the function of the lysosome?
- What are the functions of the nucleolus?
- What is the function of the vacuole?
- What functions are accomplished by the cell membrane?
- What is the role of the centrioles?
- What is a Leucoplast?
- What is a ribosome and where is it manufactured?
- What is the difference between isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic?
- What is an isotope?
- What organelles pass through the nuclear pores?
- What is the difference between active transport and passive diffusion?
- What structures in the cell membrane allow for cell recognition?
- Through what substructures do the water molecules pass?
- What part of the cell membrane contains an electrical charge?
- What organelles are only found in plants?
- What organelles are found just in animals?
- In photosynthesis, where does the light reaction take place?
- In photosynthesis, where does the dark reaction take place?
- Be able to recognize all chemical diagrams and be able to label them.
- What makes up an atom?
- How do enzymes work?
- What is a peptide bond?